The Enduring Value of Core Engineering in the AI Era

In an age dominated by rapid digitalisation and the burgeoning influence of artificial intelligence, the allure of courses in AI, machine learning, and data science has captivated a new generation of students. Universities around the world, including those in India, are observing a shift in enrollment trends, as students increasingly opt for subjects promising quick career progression and lucrative opportunities. Yet, leading educators caution that this focus on AI should not come at the expense of the foundational pillars of traditional engineering.

Bridging Tradition with Innovation

Professor Hiralal Pramanik, from the Chemical Engineering Department at IIT BHU since 2005, has observed a clear trend: many students are drawn to AI, machine learning, or fintech. However, he insists on the importance of staying rooted in core disciplines. "Core chemical engineering, for example, is essential for industries ranging from fertilizers and polymers to dyes and paints," he explains. Without this grounding, modern life as it is known would be unimaginable.

Abhinanda Sarkar, Academic Director at Great Learning, underscores that while AI is revolutionizing many sectors, challenges such as electric vehicle development, renewable energy exploration, and efficient system design still heavily rely on solid engineering fundamentals. He notes that the essence of engineering transcends any one discipline, highlighting that modern technological advancements are built upon a foundation of core principles.

Integrating AI with Engineering Basics

Far from rendering traditional engineering obsolete, AI serves as a powerful tool that enhances conventional methods. Pramanik emphasizes this integration: "We demonstrate to our students how to merge the principles of chemical engineering with AI and machine learning. Mastery of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and transport phenomena is crucial; once these basics are firmly grasped, AI can be effectively utilized to solve complex problems."

The misconception that AI expertise guarantees higher salaries and rapid career advancement is prevalent among students. Many assume that a career in software or tech, bolstered by AI skills, automatically promises success. However, industries from oil and gas to pharmaceuticals, materials research, and semiconductor manufacturing require engineers who are not only proficient in AI but also deeply knowledgeable in their core fields.

Real-World Applications and Multidisciplinary Learning

According to Pramanik, a strong grounding in chemical engineering can offer unique career advantages. Industries such as petroleum, where firms like HPCL and Reliance depend on engineers for tasks ranging from refining to polymer synthesis, demonstrate this well. When these classic skills are paired with AI-driven data analysis, the resulting expertise becomes exceptionally valuable.

The New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 in India further supports this integrated approach by allowing students to pursue multiple majors. This encourages a balanced educational path where one can major in chemical engineering while also gaining proficiency in computer science modules. Pramanik advises, "There is no need to feel restricted; a potent blend of 80% core subject and 20% interdisciplinary knowledge can lead to superior solutions across various industries."

Sarkar agrees that the best path forward lies in multidimensional learning. Digital tools such as CAD and simulation software have not only ushered in a wave of innovation across chemical, mechanical, and electrical engineering, but they have also demonstrated that AI can significantly accelerate progress. However, he cautions, "No algorithm can replace the essential understanding of fluid dynamics, reaction kinetics, or structural integrity. AI is an enhancer, not a substitute for core knowledge."

Facing Future Challenges with a Strong Foundation

The critical challenge remains: how to encourage students to continue valuing core engineering disciplines even as they embrace digital advancements. Both Pramanik and Sarkar stress that an improved awareness of real-world applications is fundamental. From pharmaceuticals and semiconductors to advanced materials and biodegradable plastics, core engineers are at the forefront of essential industrial innovations that touch everyday life.

In conclusion, as the world leans increasingly towards AI and other modern technologies, the timeless importance of core engineering continues to shine. The integration of traditional principles with AI augments problem-solving capabilities and drives innovation, ensuring that foundational engineering knowledge remains as vital today as ever.